Evolution of Management Theory Business Perspectives

Question: Describe about the Evolution of Management Theory for Business Perspectives. Answer: Introduction The evolution of management theory has not only been an effective movement for the effective practice of management but it has given rise to scientific management approaches which has helped to see management from a different perspective. The management theory emerged in the early twentieth century that has helped the managers to maximize efficiency and performance capability of the managers. The modern management theory became much more important with the market becoming extremely competitive with time. In the recent past there have been number of researches which has discussed the evolution of contemporary management theory and its applications in business (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). The emergence of the modern scientific system of management came in as the managers earlier only had technical knowledge and didnt have the capacity to manage social problems when people work together in a workplace. Hence contemporary theories like Maslows Hierarchy of needs, Taylors management theory an d Demings total quality management. These contemporary management theories are effectively used in the workplaces to ensure that employees are motivated, the operations management is streamlined and quality could be handled effectively (Koontz, 2010). The present study will discuss their applications in different workplaces. Companies taken for the application of the models are Tesco, Asda and Samsung. Applications of Management theoretical Concepts The application of modern management concepts has eased the pressure off the contemporary managers. The modern management understands the social problems of the workforce and is also well equipped with the technical managerial knowledge which helps in handling the organisational operations effectively. It could be said that most of the top multinationals focus on developing and motivating their employees in order to get the best results from them which would help to compete in this highly competitive market environment. Lets take a common example of Tesco Plc. Tesco is one of the leading multinational retail companies in the world and compete with companies like Asda, MS, Sainsburys in UK and Wal-Mart. Given the high competition that the company operates it is important that the company is able to keep its employees content by understanding their needs and wants and accordingly addressing them in order to motivate employees to work for the company (Latham, 2012). This is where the im portance of effective managerial practice comes into the picture. It could be said that the managers of Tesco should be able to use the Maslows hierarchy of needs model in order to understand the social needs and wants of the employees. The theory states there are five basic stages of needs which an individual goes on to achieve in his lifetime namely the basic needs (food, clothes and water,), Safety and security needs (personal safety), love and belonging needs (love, relationship, friends), Esteem Needs (Achievements, respect, recognition), Self Actualisation Needs (self fulfillment, personal growth ). Every manager should provide its employees the opportunity to fulfill these needs which will help him or her to achieve the organisational objectives. The application of this theory to motivate employees works really well as it addresses all the basic areas of human life as well as influences better managerial practices as it forces the managers to think more about the team and the organisation. The advantage of this theory for managers is that th ey can very effectively motivate employees to reach the goal but often managers fail to measure the satisfaction of the individual on one level of need. Hence it could be said that better understanding of this theory for the line managers and upper management of Tesco will help to influence employees effectively given its huge operations (Maslow, 2013). Asda is another leading retail organisation in UK where the applicability of the Taylors Management theory is effective. The company has to compete in an environment where big giants like Tesco and MS operate and hence it could create competitive advantage with the help of the effective implementation of the contemporary management theory given by Taylor which is likely to improve the managerial practices at the company. The theory states production process will be effective if employees reduce the amount of time and effort contributed to get the output. He further stated that division of labor is likely to develop the efficiency of the organisation (Bell Martin, 2012). Taking the clue from this theory the managers could implement their skills to understand the capabilities of the employees to allocate jobs effectively which are only going to develop their overall management skills. Through this theory the managers will have to acquire better analytical skills to assess employees and their capacities to allot jobs which are likely to improve the production procedure. With the emergence of this theory visible merits have been seen like assessment of employees becomes easier and hence visible change in performance is seen but some managers start putting higher work pressure that clearly reduces the productivity of the employees and hence managers will have to be much more ethical with the way they treat employees in Asda (Taneja et al., 2011). Samsung one of the leading Mobile Phone companies has always focused on quality and hence it focuses on using the Demings quality management theory. With the implementation of this theory quality management has improved in the company. The basic fourteen principles that Samsung focuses on are: Constant focus on product improvement Adopting new philosophy in terms of innovation Introduce new process to achieve quality and not mere dependence on inspection Minimisation of total cost Emphasis on planning, production and service On Job Training Leadership enforcement Flushing out of fear. Better communication with staffs No targets set for the workforce No numerical goals for management Removing all kinds of barriers Self improvement programs Putting everyone on work to accomplish mission and vision (Hill et al., 2014). The implementation of this theory has helped Samsung to understand quality as a whole and managers have realised their jobs well which has improved managerial practice in the organisation. This has provided a huge advantage of innovation that helps the managers to come up with ideas and plans for the products and services which helps to streamline their thought process clearly helping them to improve the implementation of management in the organisation but it also creates a definite problem for them which is analysing quality as a whole which makes the task too daunting and extremely tough in a competitive workplace like Samsung (Andronikidis et al., 2009). Conclusion To conclude the study it could be said that the above mentioned theories are effective in the contemporary business environment. Their introduction in the workplace definitely helps to influence managerial practices as they provide effective insights to the managers which help them to make the right decisions. It could be said that in the modern business environment the applicability of management theories are extremely important and offer immense practical support to the managers for the smooth running of their respective systems. References Andronikidis, A., Georgiou, A. C., Gotzamani, K., Kamvysi, K. (2009). The application of quality function deployment in service quality management.The TQM journal,21(4), 319-333. Bell, R. L., Martin, J. S. (2012). The relevance of scientific management and equity theory in everyday managerial communication situations.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,13(3). Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Koontz, H. (2010).Essentials of management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Latham, G. P. 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