Radical Republicans Powerful Faction After Civil War

Radical Republicans was the name given to a vocal and powerful faction in the U.S. Congress which advocated emancipation of slaves before and during the Civil War, and insisted on harsh penalties for the South following the war, during the period of Reconstruction. Two prominent leaders of the Radical Republicans were Thaddeus Stevens, a congressman from Pennsylvania, and Charles Sumner, a senator from Massachusetts. The agenda of the Radical Republicans during the Civil War included opposition to Abraham Lincolns plans for the post-war South. Thinking Lincolns ideas were far too lenient, the Radical Republicans backed the Wade-Davis Bill, which advocated more stringent rules for admitting states back into the Union. After the Civil War, and Lincolns assassination, the Radical Republicans were outraged by the policies of President Andrew Johnson. Opposition to Johnson included overriding presidential vetoes of legislation and eventually organizing his impeachment. Background of the Radical Republicans The leadership of the Radical Republicans tended to be drawn from the abolitionist movement. Thaddeus Stevens, the leader of the group in the House of Representatives, had been an opponent of slavery for decades. As a lawyer in Pennsylvania, he had defended fugitive slaves. In the U.S. Congress, he became head of the very powerful House Ways and Means Committee and was able to exert influence on the conduct of the Civil War. Stevens prodded President Abraham Lincoln to emancipate the slaves. And he also advocated the concept that the states which had seceded would be, at the end of the war, conquered provinces, not entitled to re-enter the Union until they met certain conditions. The conditions would include giving equal rights to freed slaves and proving loyalty to the Union. The leader of the Radical Republicans in the Senate, Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, had also been an advocate against slavery. In fact, he had been the victim of a vicious attack in the U.S. Capitol in 1856 when he had ​beaten with a cane by Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina. The Wade-Davis Bill In late 1863 President Lincoln issued a plan to reconstruct the South after the anticipated end of the Civil War. Under Lincolns plan, if 10 percent of the people in a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, the state could set up a new state government which would be recognized by the federal government. The Radical Republicans in Congress were outraged by what they considered an overly mild and forgiving attitude toward the states which were, at that time, waging war against the United States. They introduced their own bill, the Wade-Davis Bill, named for two members of Congress. The bill would require that a majority of white citizens of a state which had seceded would have to swear loyalty to the United States before a state would be readmitted to the Union. After Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill, President Lincoln, in the summer of 1864, refused to sign it, thereby letting it die by pocket veto. Some of the Congressional Republicans responded by attacking Lincoln, even urging that another Republican run against him in that years presidential election. By doing so, the Radical Republicans came off as extremists  and alienated many northerners. Radical Republicans Battled President Andrew Johnson Following the assassination of Lincoln, the Radical Republicans discovered that the new president, Andrew Johnson, was even more forgiving toward the South. As might be expected, Stevens, Sumner, and the other influential Republicans in Congress were openly hostile to Johnson. Johnsons policies proved to be unpopular with the public, which led to gains in Congress for the Republicans in 1866. And the Radical Republicans found themselves in the position of being able to override any vetoes by Johnson. The battles between Johnson and the Republicans in Congress escalated over various pieces of legislation. In 1867 the Radical Republicans succeeded in passing the Reconstruction Act (which was updated with subsequent Reconstruction Acts) and the Fourteenth Amendment. President Johnson was eventually impeached by the House of Representatives  but was not convicted and removed from office after a trial by the U.S. Senate. The Radical Republicans After the Death of Thaddeus Stevens Thaddeus Stevens died on August 11, 1868. After lying in the state in the rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, he was buried in a cemetery in Pennsylvania he had chosen as it allowed burials of both whites and blacks. The faction of Congress he had led continued, though without his fiery temperament much of the fury of the Radical Republicans subsided. Plus, they tended to support the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, who took office in March 1869.

Minor Prophets Essay - 1142 Words

The Old Testament ends with the Minor Prophets. These prophets provided insight on many issues the Jews were facing. All of the prophets had the same ideas of a warning of impending judgment because of the nations’ sinfulness, the coming judgment, a call for repentance, and a promise of future deliverance of God’s grace. Idolatry, social injustice and religious ritualism are three issues that the prophets emphasized on in their teachings and can be inspired in the minds and hearts of believers today. The prophets’ teachings are just as important today as they were in the past. The teachings about God, the way man lived, social issues, and religious rituals are all relevant in the today’s society. Idolatry is the worship of anything else†¦show more content†¦The society we live in now struggles to focus on God. There are too many other things that have come to replace Him as number one in their lives. If we could focus more on God today, the issues that are prevalent would begin to disappear and we would be able to reap the goodness God promises. Unfortunately, humans continue to stray from God and worship their false idols with their eyes, minds, and hearts. In Jonah 2:8, â€Å"Those who cling to worthless idols turn away from God’s love for them.†, Jonah prayed to God about idolatry when he realized what he had done wrong and how mistaken he was to run from God’s command. The prophet teachings about social injustice come from Amos. Social injustice is the ill treatment to the vulnerable citizens that God calls us to respect and care for. In Leviticus 19: 3-35, God instructs us about respecting our parents, feeding the poor, paying workers on time, upholding justice, not slandering others, respecting the elderly, and honesty in business dealings. Amos preached the coming of judgment against Israel for oppressing their people. The inequality between the rich and the poor were disgraceful to God’s commands. Amos 5: 14-15 states â€Å"Seek good, not evil, that you may live. Then the Lord God Almighty will be with you, just as you say He is. Hate evil, love good; maintain justice in the courts. Perhaps the Lord God Almighty will have mercyShow MoreRelatedIslam vs. Christianity Essay608 Words   |  3 Pagestotally different. In this essay I will compare and contrast many of the facets that make up the worlds largest and most recognized religions, Christianity and Islam. The word Islam means surrender or submission, submission to the will of Allah, the one God. Muslims are those who have submitted themselves. The basic creed of Islam is brief: There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah. Islam teachesRead MoreEssay about The Differences Between Islam and Christianity640 Words   |  3 Pagesthe fundamental areas, while being totally different. 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While Christianity and Judaism have numerous similarities because of the mother-daughter link, differences still exist. The sacred text for Judaism is the Tanach while for Christianity the Bible is used. This essay will explore the structure of each sacred text, the type of literature is in each canon, authorship of the text and how it is used in daily practice such as food, interpretation of the commandments and how a Torah is used in a synagogue. STRUCTURERead MoreAnalysis Of The Matrix Reveal Neo As A Messiah Figure1670 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hallelujah, you are my saviour! My personal Jesus Christ!†- Choi. This essay will analyse how the 1999 movie, ‘The Matrix’ reveal Neo as a messiah figure. Most people argue that it is a Christian sci-fi movie as it portrays the doctrine and the life of Jesus from birth, death, resurrection and ascension through indexical and iconic signs. 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Binge Drinking In the UK Free Essays

History of binge drinking in the UK can be traced to several years back and nobody can tell exactly when it started. The Stone Age group thinks that fermenting of alcohol began twelve thousand years ago, during the Neolithic period, and there is no any idea if straws were used. The people of UK never got on to Thevinum until the Romans brought wine that was diluted with water. We will write a custom essay sample on Binge Drinking In the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now Romans in Britain influenced drinking. The Roman emperors who ruled from AD37 to AD69 were drunkards, despite the fact they were not allowed to drink while in the power stool. The Romans brought about a culture where wine was consumed along with food and children consumed diluted wine . Beer was used as a carbohydrate food in early years. In medieval England there were three fermentations with the strongest one for men, then women and weakest for monks and children. Monks brewed the best quality to be used in Eucharist. In 1736 parliament wanted to pass a law to regulate gin but people rioted and instead production increased. During World War 1 the government was concerned about the female soldiers who drank alcohol while fighting, thereby it introduced laws reducing beer’s strength and by the end of the war consumption had reduced, but at the moment it is on the rise. The culture of binge drinking in the UK does exist and it involves drinking intentionally to become intoxicated. The rate of consumption of Alcohol in UK per capita has risen in the last decade. People in UK not only drink beer but also spirits. The culture of binge drinking in UK is a daily norm associated with fat incomes whereby alcohol consumption is a common part of everyday life activity characterised by low rates of abstinence and easy availability of alcohol. Binge drinking is higher in UK than in France. The culture of drinking in UK is different from other European nations which have binge drinkers doing it slowly in the evening, while in the UK it is done rapidly hence drunkenness. In the UK binge drinking culture has unique features whereby in a social context you find large groups of about eight to twelve going out with partners with a purpose of getting drunk together. The binge drinking culture is a problem that costs the country billions of money each year. Binge drinking has both positive and negative effects. Beer is a drug like any other drug like cocaine or heroin . Binge drinking makes one to increase his self- confidence, one becomes relaxed. An average consumption of alcohol increases one’s sex drive (libido). On the other hand drinking can cause changes in people’s lives and behaviour. Alcohol cause illness and health problems, it can cause brain cell damage and the brain can not judge well, events will not be coordinated well in the brain and at older age one will lose memory. When one takes alcohol, it is directly absorbed to bloodstream and makes every organ vulnerable to diseases like cancer. Drinking though known not to be illegal, has massive social costs than illegal drugs . Binge drinking makes one easily confused and one becomes emotional. Over drinking puts one at a risk of losing consciousness and it increases the chances on one causing an accident if driving under the influence of alcohol. Drinking increase ones risk of becoming a victim of heart attack and one feels nauseous. With alcohol consumption, self control becomes a problem, with depression. Binge drinkers risk liver damage and cirrhosis. Students who binge drink are likely to fall behind in class work and are likely to plagiarise their work for submission. Binge drinking causes death, injuries and increased cases of sexual assault. Fighting at drinking places and place of resident will be on the rise . Youths are increasingly becoming binge drinkers. Children start binge drinking at an early age before teenage age. There is widespread binge drinking acts among the teenagers and pre-teens, with parents either ignoring or accepting such acts. In Europe, a youth apart from students drinking is not welcome but in UK it is welcome and youths massively drink. Youths have social pressure to get drunk in order to fit a certain socially group, especially during a night out. Youths at any moment they get money they link one another and go out for intoxication. France has taken a step and it is struggling to combat youths from consuming alcohol. In conclusion, binge drinking is a real problem rather than an illusion, which need to be combated in the UK. Binge drinking has a long history in the UK, the culture of drinking is luring youths each day, who do not take into consideration or who ignore the severe consequences of binge drinking. The government of UK is experiencing a rise in binge drinking by the youths. This has become a problematic issue to the government of UK in curbing the drinking culture. Bibliography: Family Training Program. Family training program for Alcohol misuse 2009. Accessed at,http://www. alcoholconcern. org. uk/files/20090429_190115_Flyer%20A5. pdf Gossop M. Living with Drugs, Ashgate Publishing, 2007. Vallely P. 2,000 Years of Binge Drinking, 2005. Accessed at, http://www. independent. co. uk/news/uk/this-britain/2000-years-of-binge-drinking- 516009. html How to cite Binge Drinking In the UK, Papers Binge drinking in the UK Free Essays We see drunken people almost everyday; whether it is on the news, in our local pub, walking down the street, or possibly even that one colleague at work who’s having a hard time. We’ve all heard the stories on the news about Britain’s problems with alcohol, whether its minors being inebriated, students binge drinking, or those of us who are simply alcoholics. And what are our great leaders doing to help prevent this? What is always their answer when this topic is raised in parliament? ‘Let us raise the minimum legal age for buying and consuming alcohol to 21. We will write a custom essay sample on Binge drinking in the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now ’ However I propose something radically different. Let us lower it. Aside from the obvious reasons – such as being able to get married at 16 but being unable to have a celebratory drink at your own wedding – there are many valid reasons to lower the age limit. Most of us know the story of Adam and Eve being thrown out of The Garden of Eden because Eve ate one of the Apples from the tree of wisdom after God told them specifically not to eat from that tree but they could eat anything else they wished to eat. This is probably the best known version of the â€Å"Forbidden Fruits† theory – also where the name originated from. There has been many psychological studies to prove and determine how, when and why the â€Å"Forbidden Fruits† theory works the way it does. If you say to your child â€Å"here is a chocolate bar, but you can’t eat it† all the child will think about is that chocolate bar and eating it. It is exactly the same with youths and alcohol, making them want to drink underage. – and this is where the problem begins for every drinker. Simply because the youths know they can not and should not drink they will do everything possible get their hands on alcohol as often as they can. However if we lower the minimum age of consumption, therefore making alcohol more accessible to youths, the number of youths with alcohol problems will decrease significantly. In countries such as Italy and France where drinking a moderate amount of alcohol with the evening meal is the norm, they have significantly less alcohol related health issues than we do. Children are allowed a sip of wine or a slurp of beer because it’s a social activity. Children, and therefore teenagers, see alcohol and its function differently. They have no concept of going out â€Å"to get drunk†. There is also the problem that, just like sex, alcohol is everywhere. There is at least one pub on every corner, every shop has an alcohol section – often near the checkout, alcohol in television shows and movies, advertisements for alcohol itself, empty tin cans and bottles lying in the streets – often smashed, inebriated people walking home, it becomes drilled into our brains to drink. To someone who is attempting not to drink, it is very hard and they will almost certainly give in due to constant reminders ‘taunting’ them. I believe we should join our brothers and sisters in the European Union. Austria, Belgium, Bosnia, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, the Netherlands and Switzerland all have minimum ages of 16 for buying and consumption. Meanwhile Cyprus has a minimum age of 17 and in Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania and Sweden there is no minimum age. While countries in the EU do tend to drink more, the number of alcohol related problems is significantly less than in other countries. In America 57% of the adult population admit to drinking too much. When it comes to minors drinking in America only 9% of the drinkers aged 12 -14 did not binge drink – and it only gets worse! 6% of 15-17 year olds do not binge drink and a shocking 4% of 18-20 years olds (bearing in mind that the minimum age for buying and consuming alcohol in America is 21.) However in Spain only 5% of the population has an alcohol related problem. Why? They too start drinking in their early teens – just like us Britons – although the difference is they are encouraged to not only drink with friends but with family too. Finally, in Italy the quickest way to lose your friend’s and neighbors’ respect is to get drunk in public. Drinking on the streets is considered disrespectful. I feel we need a shift in the way we think about alcohol and the restrictions on it and this needs to be government led, by lowering the age limit for buying alcohol. If children grew up knowing what wine, beer etc tasted like, the mysticism behind it has been removed, and therefore the impulse to go out and get drunk. By lowering, not raising, the age limit there will be an almost instant change in the number of people abusing alcohol, especially in the younger generations. How to cite Binge drinking in the UK, Papers

Evolution of Management Theory Business Perspectives

Question: Describe about the Evolution of Management Theory for Business Perspectives. Answer: Introduction The evolution of management theory has not only been an effective movement for the effective practice of management but it has given rise to scientific management approaches which has helped to see management from a different perspective. The management theory emerged in the early twentieth century that has helped the managers to maximize efficiency and performance capability of the managers. The modern management theory became much more important with the market becoming extremely competitive with time. In the recent past there have been number of researches which has discussed the evolution of contemporary management theory and its applications in business (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). The emergence of the modern scientific system of management came in as the managers earlier only had technical knowledge and didnt have the capacity to manage social problems when people work together in a workplace. Hence contemporary theories like Maslows Hierarchy of needs, Taylors management theory an d Demings total quality management. These contemporary management theories are effectively used in the workplaces to ensure that employees are motivated, the operations management is streamlined and quality could be handled effectively (Koontz, 2010). The present study will discuss their applications in different workplaces. Companies taken for the application of the models are Tesco, Asda and Samsung. Applications of Management theoretical Concepts The application of modern management concepts has eased the pressure off the contemporary managers. The modern management understands the social problems of the workforce and is also well equipped with the technical managerial knowledge which helps in handling the organisational operations effectively. It could be said that most of the top multinationals focus on developing and motivating their employees in order to get the best results from them which would help to compete in this highly competitive market environment. Lets take a common example of Tesco Plc. Tesco is one of the leading multinational retail companies in the world and compete with companies like Asda, MS, Sainsburys in UK and Wal-Mart. Given the high competition that the company operates it is important that the company is able to keep its employees content by understanding their needs and wants and accordingly addressing them in order to motivate employees to work for the company (Latham, 2012). This is where the im portance of effective managerial practice comes into the picture. It could be said that the managers of Tesco should be able to use the Maslows hierarchy of needs model in order to understand the social needs and wants of the employees. The theory states there are five basic stages of needs which an individual goes on to achieve in his lifetime namely the basic needs (food, clothes and water,), Safety and security needs (personal safety), love and belonging needs (love, relationship, friends), Esteem Needs (Achievements, respect, recognition), Self Actualisation Needs (self fulfillment, personal growth ). Every manager should provide its employees the opportunity to fulfill these needs which will help him or her to achieve the organisational objectives. The application of this theory to motivate employees works really well as it addresses all the basic areas of human life as well as influences better managerial practices as it forces the managers to think more about the team and the organisation. The advantage of this theory for managers is that th ey can very effectively motivate employees to reach the goal but often managers fail to measure the satisfaction of the individual on one level of need. Hence it could be said that better understanding of this theory for the line managers and upper management of Tesco will help to influence employees effectively given its huge operations (Maslow, 2013). Asda is another leading retail organisation in UK where the applicability of the Taylors Management theory is effective. The company has to compete in an environment where big giants like Tesco and MS operate and hence it could create competitive advantage with the help of the effective implementation of the contemporary management theory given by Taylor which is likely to improve the managerial practices at the company. The theory states production process will be effective if employees reduce the amount of time and effort contributed to get the output. He further stated that division of labor is likely to develop the efficiency of the organisation (Bell Martin, 2012). Taking the clue from this theory the managers could implement their skills to understand the capabilities of the employees to allocate jobs effectively which are only going to develop their overall management skills. Through this theory the managers will have to acquire better analytical skills to assess employees and their capacities to allot jobs which are likely to improve the production procedure. With the emergence of this theory visible merits have been seen like assessment of employees becomes easier and hence visible change in performance is seen but some managers start putting higher work pressure that clearly reduces the productivity of the employees and hence managers will have to be much more ethical with the way they treat employees in Asda (Taneja et al., 2011). Samsung one of the leading Mobile Phone companies has always focused on quality and hence it focuses on using the Demings quality management theory. With the implementation of this theory quality management has improved in the company. The basic fourteen principles that Samsung focuses on are: Constant focus on product improvement Adopting new philosophy in terms of innovation Introduce new process to achieve quality and not mere dependence on inspection Minimisation of total cost Emphasis on planning, production and service On Job Training Leadership enforcement Flushing out of fear. Better communication with staffs No targets set for the workforce No numerical goals for management Removing all kinds of barriers Self improvement programs Putting everyone on work to accomplish mission and vision (Hill et al., 2014). The implementation of this theory has helped Samsung to understand quality as a whole and managers have realised their jobs well which has improved managerial practice in the organisation. This has provided a huge advantage of innovation that helps the managers to come up with ideas and plans for the products and services which helps to streamline their thought process clearly helping them to improve the implementation of management in the organisation but it also creates a definite problem for them which is analysing quality as a whole which makes the task too daunting and extremely tough in a competitive workplace like Samsung (Andronikidis et al., 2009). Conclusion To conclude the study it could be said that the above mentioned theories are effective in the contemporary business environment. Their introduction in the workplace definitely helps to influence managerial practices as they provide effective insights to the managers which help them to make the right decisions. It could be said that in the modern business environment the applicability of management theories are extremely important and offer immense practical support to the managers for the smooth running of their respective systems. References Andronikidis, A., Georgiou, A. C., Gotzamani, K., Kamvysi, K. (2009). The application of quality function deployment in service quality management.The TQM journal,21(4), 319-333. Bell, R. L., Martin, J. S. (2012). The relevance of scientific management and equity theory in everyday managerial communication situations.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,13(3). Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Koontz, H. (2010).Essentials of management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Latham, G. P. (2012).Work motivation: History, theory, research, and practice. Sage. Maslow, A. H. (2013).A theory of human motivation. Start Publishing LLC. Taneja, S., Pryor, M. G., Toombs, L. A. (2011). Frederick W. Taylor's scientific management principles: relevance and validity.Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship,16(3), 60.