Different forms of social influence Essay

Most of the human behaviors are a result of influence. This impact can either come from the environment or from the people we leave with. The people we come across with are likely to influence our behavior, beliefs and even feelings. This impact will lead to the development of our day to day activities. Most of the activities we encounter every day in our life play a great part in how we are going to behave. The study on social impact is very wide. Psychologists have done a lot of research to understand it and as a result many theories have been developed which explain social influences. CITATION Noa06 l 1033 (Friedkin, 2006)Compliance (This is the first form) There are several forms which have been identified to influence social behavior. Compliance is one of these forms. Simply put, compliance means to accept. Individuals may change their behavior only because someone has told them to do so, and therefore, they comply with his or her request. Compliance involves taking action to change a person’s behavior and feeling towards someone or something, therefore, it is known as an active form of social impact. This form of power is initiated by a person intentionally. Sometimes compliance is a result of internal social influence which entails inner faith of an individual. A person can decide to change from within, without any external force .Compliance as a result of the change in personal faith is not the primary aim of compliance. Conformity (The second one) Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   The other form of social influence is conformity. It happens when individuals adjust their attitude behavior and sense to conform to a group’s norms or culture. People in most cases would like to be identified with a certain group of people; hence they can do anything to change the behavior, including their sense and faith towards something or someone so that they can be the same with the other members of the group. It takes the observation of the other members of the group for one to change his or her behavior and act like them. Some behaviors one has to learn slowly. In addition one can also be taught by the members of the group. For example, an individual who would like to be identified with a group of professionals would only require observing how they behave. He or she may observe their dressing code and finally he or she would behave like them. One cannot be identified with a set group if he or she does not conform to their standards an d behaviors (Pratkanis, 2011). A person can conform to a set group either internally by having the same faith and feeling or externally by acting as the people of that group. The members of a certain group can actively influence a person to act like them, and that kind of social impact is known as an active influence. Passive impact occurs where the members of the group does not directly influence one to act like them. Most of the youth are affected by this kind of social impact. Many young people today would like to be an associated with a particular group of people which they share common beliefs, behavior and sense therefore, they would try very much to have the same behavior which will make them conform to the standards and culture of that group. The same case happens to many organizations, when an individual is recruited to join the institution; he or she has to change his or her behavior feeling and approach so that he or she can be identified with the organization. Sources of Conformity (Expounding more on conformity) Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Conformity has three sources. The first one occurs when a person sees or senses someone else act in a certain way. First it should come to your understanding that a set group of people are doing a certain activity, then you will judge whether it the right thing for you or not .After a thorough consideration you will be able to make an informed decision on whether to conform to their behavior or not ( Zanna, 2014). These can take different forms; one can see what is being done whether good or bad, you can also hear from the media or a member of the group can also inform you of their undertaking. The second one is when people understand that what a particular group is doing is informational; hence it is the best way to do things. People all over the world are in search of information and knowledge, therefore if they realize what they been looking for is being done by a certain group of people, then they will have no option other than to join them. The information gotten from that group should be beneficial to the person conforming to their faith and belief; it should add value to the existing knowledge. Finally, people conform because of the concern for the social outcome of their behavior. People would like to know the final result of certain behavior depicted by a group of people. Most researchers would engage themselves with a particular group of people with a solemn aim of knowing the end result of that kind of behavior (Homans, 1966). Obedience (The third form) Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Obedience is another form of social influence. Unlike the other forms; obedience involves the change of action as a result of direct command from the person in authority. These kinds of power always involve command on the targeted audience to act in a certain manner. Influence by command if often found in the institution where strict adherence to law and regulation is required. A good example is the military unit; the officers have to follow strict command from the authority. Obedience as a form of social power is one sided; it does not require the consent of the other party. The authority will use power vested in them to command actions, this instructions must be followed. The end result would be change of behavior; it will also affect their sense of ideas as well as their faith. Obedience has been applicable in most institutions and also in the government, with the aim of changing the behavior of the targeted audience. The application of this form of social power can have positive or negative impact on the person being impacted (Tedeschi, 1972). Persuasion (the 4th form) Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Persuasion is another form of social impact. It involves an active attempt by a person to change the behavior, attitude feeling or belief of another person through some form of communication. The focus of this kind of impact is the internal change of perception, belief or sense of an individual. The power of a person to influence another is very important so that persuasion can take effect. The political leaders use this tactic to make people to have faith in them. The language use is very instrumental for changing the behavior of people; the person must have good knowledge of the language use. Also the understanding of the targeted audience is important for you to be able to change their behavior CITATION Car08 l 1033 (Hetzel, 2008). How psychologists have studied them (Add more here) Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Many scholars have tried to define social influence, which has led to numerous definitions of the same subject. We can define social influence as a sum total of all the things that might alter the behavior, action feeling or thought of a person. This aspect has been extensively studied by psychologist and sociologist. Its application has also been studied carefully to establish how it affects the society.Professor Herbert ,one of the scholars of psychology defined social influence as a situation where an individual identify, comply and internalize to behave in a certain manner different from the way they had behaved in the past. The view of the scholars about social impact is that individuals may identify with influential person from a distance or the might have a close relation. They also believe that compliance can happen at the surface but deep in that person he might not be convinced .There are a lot of things which we can talk about concerning social impact; the bottom line is that it is aimed at changing the behavior of people. The reason why a person’s view of ideas can be influence has not been clearly know by scholars. References Friedkin, N. E. (2006). A Structural Theory of Social Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hetzel, C. J. (2008). The Effects of Social Influence on Personal Attitudes and Behavior Toward 0549498516, 9780549498513: ProQuest. Homans, G. C. (1961). Social behavior: Its elementary forms. Mark P. Zanna, J. M. (2014). Social Influence. london: Psychology Press. Pratkanis, A. R. (2011). The Science of Social Influence. 1136737049, 9781136737046: Psychology Press. Tedeschi, J. T. (1972). The Social influence Processes. london: Transaction Publishers. Source document

Promote childrens behaviour Essay

Unit 304 Promote children and young people’s positive behaviour The role of a school is multi-faceted. It exists not only to educate, but to guide children’s development into well-adjusted, independent, and successful adults. In order to offer support and time to a class in its entirety, pupil behaviour needs to be managed effectively. Boundaries and rules need to be set for children and a consistent approach applied by all staff. Documented policies and procedures enable all to have a clear understanding of expectations and common goals. There are, however, behavioural or discipline problems that need to be referred to others and all need to be aware of when the situation needs additional assistance and where to obtain this. All staff, from teaching to support staff and lunchtime supervisors, within my setting have sight of the behaviour policy and are expected to adhere to the principles and strategies contained within it. This ensures that all know what is expected f rom them and children can respond positively. I believe that children respond well to having clear, consistent, boundaries and guidelines. When met with unclear, or differing rules, they will attempt to test or push the boundaries as they do not have the security of knowing where they stand. This is likely to be most evident with older students. When all staff follow the correct procedures and fairly apply boundaries, the children know what is acceptable and what is not. If children are aware of the scale of rewards and sanctions and the order in which they are applied, it should not matter, who is speaking to them about their behaviour. As a volunteer within the school, I have the same status and authority as contracted teaching staff with regard to behaviour management. I am fortunate to have the full support of the class teacher and this reinforces my confidence in dealing with inappropriate behaviour. The children can see that there is a â€Å"team† approach to behaviour management and that they will be treated in the same manner, regardless of who is with them at the time. . The school works collaboratively with parents by supplying each with a copy of the school promises at the start of the academic year. These are signed by the teacher and the children. The aim of the school is to reward good behaviour in order to develop an ethos of kindness and co-operation. This is certainly  true within the class in which I volunteer; however, I am aware that some days can be a battle against poor behaviour and it is a challenge to find positive behaviour to praise, but absolutely essential. A child may become accustomed to only getting attention for bad behaviour, which may serve only to reinforce his actions; especially if it is the only attention that they receive. The guidelines for the area of school in which I volunteer indicate that a child sit in the â€Å"thinking chair,† when they have behaved inappropriately, followed by moving their name if the behaviour continues. Further occurrences would mean the class teacher speaking to the parents. I recently told a child not to swing his p.e bag from his neck and discussed with him the potential dangers of doing so. He continued to display the actions that I had asked him not to and so I used the thinking chair. Further occurrences would have involved moving Julie Gibson10/11/2013 his name and continuing with the set behaviour procedure. Before returning to join the rest of the class, we discussed why he had been on the chair and the potential injuries he could have sustained. In this instance the class teacher also spoke to his parents because of the dangerous nature of his actions and spoke to the whole class about the incident, to reinforce the dangers. The following week, I observed the child warn another, not to put their cord around their neck as â€Å"it could hurt.† I praised the child for his actions and explained how much I valued his support. I knew that this particular child liked to be praised in front of his peers and so at a convenient moment, I stopped the class and explained to them that I was awarding him a team point for sensible behaviour in class. The pride and boost to his self-esteem was clear to see. Applying the same rules and boundaries helps children feel equal, valued and respected. Fairly applied boundaries can also help children become more independent and co-operative. It is important for all pupils to be recognised and rewarded for positive behaviour. As previously stated, children who are more often given attention for poor behaviour, require positive behaviour to be recognised and rewarded when positive behaviour is displayed. When children attempt to gain attention through undesirable behaviour, it is often better to ignore it if possible and give attention to those behaving  well. Research and studies developed by B.F Skinner in the 1940’s, suggest that behaviour that gives them recognition or praise is more likely to be repeated. In order to maintain a balance, children need six positive responses for every negative. If possible, negative behaviour should be ignored and diversion techniques used, to prevent the undesirable behaviour. Boundaries help children feel safe and avoid confusion. By rewarding good behaviour, children experience a boost to their self-esteem, which, ideally creates a self-perpetuating response of good behaviour. Good behaviour creates a positive environment for learning and should maximise performance in the classroom. There is no value in consistently applying rewards and sanctions, if I do not role model the actions that I am actively promoting. Children will take their lead from me and if I am not behaving responsibly or appropriately, they will not take me seriously. I ensure that interactions that I may have with other adults, or children are respectful and give a clear indication of the correct way to behave. If I make a mistake, I ensure that I apologise and show my actions to rectify as I am aware that negative actions observed will have a resulting, negative influence upon the actions of the children within my class. When giving instructions and guidelines on required behaviour to the class, I use a positive tone and discuss the benefits with the class e.g â€Å"why is it better to walk in class.?† Children are likely to give responses regarding tripping and hurting themselves. By using this tactic, the children are setting boundaries collaboratively. When they do not act in the way agreed, they are breaking their own rules, not Julie Gibson10/11/2013  simply ones enforced by me. When they do behave appropriately, I can highlight this and give praise and recognition. These may be by way of stickers and team points or recommending for a superstar certificate, to be awarded at the end of the week. Whilst all staff should feel confident in dealing fairly and consistently with inappropriate behaviour, there will always be occasions when others need to be involved. If it becomes clear that a situation is getting out of hand and there is possible danger to the staff member, or pupil, assistance should be requested from another staff member. A pupil may begin to behave in an unpredictable way that makes the  staff member uncomfortable. Referral to the SENCO may be required if a child with additional needs has a behavioural problem requiring specialist assistance and additional strategies for use within the classroom. If staff have a problem with a particular child that is proving increasingly difficult to resolve, assistance from senior staff, or the head teacher can be sought. They can assist in referrals to the local authority behaviour unit and educational psychologists, who will make assessments and offer advice, help and support. Clearly when situations concerning behaviour reach a point where external agencies become involved, parents should be fully aware of difficulties and their cooperation sought to enable a combined approach from all sides. Consistency is key when dealing with behavioural issues. If all staff support each other to deal in a fair manner, applying rules and boundaries equally, children feel safe in the knowledge that rewards and sanctions with be the same, regardless of who is dealing with their behaviour. By actively promoting positive aspects of behaviour and role modelling requirements, children are more likely to repeat appropriate behaviour. When poor behaviour creates a situation where staff or pupils may be endangered, help from others should be sought. Behaviour can be managed when all collaborate to support children to work within boundaries and help them to feel confident in their surroundings. .

Increasing Of Indonesia Population And Its Impact On The Business Essay - 1

Increasing Of Indonesia Population And Its Impact On The Business - Essay Example Family-planning programs have contributed to a decline into approximately 1.04% as per now. Given the current trend, United Nations (UN) projects Indonesian population to surpass 270 million by 2025, go past 285 million people by the year 2035 and increase beyond 290 million by the year 2045 (Indonesia Population 2013). After which, the country shall experience a decline from 2050. Perhaps, two-thirds of Indonesia’s populace shall reside in town areas according to United Nations estimations. From a business perspective, this trend provides an opportunity for commercial success and snack shall maximize the provisions of the population. The demographic distribution of Indonesia makes it an excellent market for promotion of the snack bar. The nations' entire population comprises of mainly the youths providing an economic advantage. The median age of the population is 28.1 years. Young population offers a potentially significant target market and very accessible. Females dominate the society, and when categorized into sexes, the male median age is 27.7 years while female age is around 28.7 years (Worldometers 1). Indonesia consists of 13,667 islands, but citizens inhabit only 6,000. Out of this, five islands namely Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Irian Jaya, and Sulawesi are mainly populated. The total land mass of Indonesia is around 1,919,317 square kilometers (Indonesia Population 2013). Over the past forty years, Indonesia registered a remarkable rate of urbanization. Thus, half of Indonesia’s whole population lives in towns. In regards to this, current the distribution of population establishes a positive development, as industrialization and urbanization are essential for growth and trades. The snack bar trade will likely experience stiff direct competition from other snacks on offer in Indonesia particularly, Gorengan and Bakso. Gorengan refers to a friend bite.

Children and the Sense of Placement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Children and the Sense of Placement - Essay Example Varied perspectives and techniques have been repeatedly discarded and developed. Educationists today consider that a child develops a sense of place with the help of reading. It helps the child develop the feelings of belongingness and is able to relate to their environment. The following paper highlights the importance of placement in childhood and its correlation with children’s books that tell a story through pictures along with accompanying text. Before, understanding the correlation it is important to be familiar with the concept of placement and its importance in childhood and education alike. For understanding the mentioned topic, it will interchangeably explain the depiction of childhood in children’s books. Importance of placement in Childhood During early years, as a baby the child starts to develop visuospatial attention. A visuospatial attention is developed by being familiar with the visual stimuli. In case of a baby, it starts to recognize its siblings, parents, and other close family members. This kind of attention span starts to develop at an early age and continues to evolve over the period of time (Smith & Chatterjee, 2008). The importance of place holds a greater significance in the development of a child at every level. The concept of place develops in a child the sense of self, sense of community, sense of destiny, and the sense of mortality. By the term sense of place, it is meant a child’s relationship with its surroundings. Many children are not able to relate to what they were taught in school. This is mainly because of the fact that when they read they understand, but when they look around in their environment and try to implement it they repetitively fail to do so. Therefore, books that explain the text with images increase their sense of place in a way that when they look at their environment they are more familiar with what they have been taught in the school. It also increases their ability to recall and retain. Moreover, many educationists are of the view that if a child is made familiar with its environment than only will it be able to maintain it. For this reason, it is important to develop a sense of place in children at an early age. This could be developed with different activities such as pictorial books, outdoor activities, and play (Derr, 2002). Sense of Place: The Bigger Picture During the seventeenth century, the literary books written for children were didactic. The books usually focused upon teaching the sounds of alphabets to children. However, some books explained to children the moral and spiritual values. Nevertheless, in 1700’s, John Newbery, a British publisher, was impressed with the idea of John Locke. The idea expressed held the notion that books must be published for children where they can enjoy the content in the form of a story. With the innovation in the literature for children, they started to develop a sense of personality and were better able to understand people around them. Most importantly, they started to recognize and build their own personality with the help of the revolution in the field of literature (State University, 2013). However, children were encouraged to read books in order to enhance their sense of placement. To make children familiar with their surroundings and culture in particular, many educationists concluded that a story must be formed that depicts the culture of that particular country. In order to develop the sense of place, many educationists incorporate culture along with nationalism in a story. The story instils in the children a sense of place through the characters of the story. It is widely believed that binding a story with elements

Human Resources Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources - Case Study Example It is worth mentioning in this context that an individual is free to do anything as long as he or she does not violate the nation’s constitution. Oiler’s activities, on this basis, can also be argued as the ones that do not violate the nation’s constitution, which lacked any protection for transgender or even did not provide any legal barrier to such activities. Moreover, Peter Oiler has always been punctual, trustworthy, and an exceptionally productive employee. He has always performed his tasks honestly, without giving the management any chance to make any complaints. He has always been working hard for the betterment of the organization and was treated as an asset for the company by his peers. There have been no complaints regarding his discipline or manners at the workplace even before his dismissal. In addition to these facts, even his co-workers did not have any complaints either with his work or with his cross-dressing. It should be noted that Civil rights Acts of 1964, Title VII (Equal Employment Opportunities) prohibits any kind of employee discrimination based on color, sex, race and national origin (National Archives, n.d.). It should be noticed that Peter Oiler was a truck driver in the organization and not the employee of a higher rank; therefore, it can be argued that Winn-Dixie has not only violated the employees’ rights but has also lost one of its loyal and hardworking employees (Texas Woman’s University, 2012). To be precise, the case apparently depicts that the rights of Oiler were violated. Question 2 ‘Employment at-will’ is being followed in many American states by the employers or the organizations to fire their employees and end the employment relationship without any liability, especially in cases which do not involve any defined contract (Texas Woman’s University, 2012). Such practices have often been observed to impose negative impacts on the employees and often de-motivate them fr om giving their best to the organization. It may also result in the decline in their productivity for the organization, distorting its image to a certain extent. In this case, after Peter Oiler’s termination, a fear and a doubt have arose in the minds of the Winn-Dixie’s employees concerning their job security and future – they thought that what had happen with Oiler can also happen to any other employee of the organization. This activity of the organization also raised many questions regarding its trust-worthiness among the employees. It may create tension between the organization and the employees, creating hurdles in the way of the organization to achieve its predetermined missions and objectives. Employees may also stop focusing much on the quality of their performance, which may ruin the overall image of the organization. Even if new ideas are generated among the employees, they may resist communicating them to the management, as they are afraid to lose the ir job. Furthermore, people are likely to resist the interference of any other entity in their personal life without liability. If the organization like Winn-Dixie continues to relate one’s personal life with one’s workplace performances, the employees are likely to consider it as a restriction to their personal space, which can affect the company’

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 11

Case study - Essay Example They work with people suffering from various types of illnesses in diversity of roles and actions demanding expert skills and professional knowledge. The situations are many a times complex requiring an understanding of the complexity of the situation. Every nurse-patient encounter is unique and there are no fixed solutions to many nursing problems. Due to these demands and requirements, some professional standards and skills are expected from the nurses. Competence for nurses is important for the kind of profession it is and the expectations that the profession arouses. Nursing profession involves complex combinations of performance, knowledge, attitudes and skills (David 2005). In this essay, nursing care of a patient with pancreatitis will be discussed to enhance reflective thinking and appraise nursing competence during case management. The case discussion is about a 58 year old patient by name James (name changed to maintain privacy). James was brought to the emergency room on a Friday evening after a weekend party with severe abdominal pain. He was accompanied by his wife and friend. In the past, James had few episodes of abdominal pain and he responded well to antigastritis treatments. However, since the intensity of pain was more and he also had severe vomiting, his wife forced him to see a doctor in the emergency room. In the emergency room, James appeared dehydrated and was in distress. On enquiry, it was found that he did not pass much urine in the past 6 hours and had vomited several number of times. He had severe abdominal pain in the centre of the abdomen which radiated towards his back. He did not have loos stools and was passing flatus normal. The emergency doctor suspected acute pancreatitis. He performed serum amylase levels and they were 3000IU/l. CT scan which was done immediately confirmed the same . The patient was then transferred to surgical intensive care unit for further management. I was put incharge of

Business Law Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Law Assignment - Coursework Example The purpose of a modern tort law is to compensate the injured person for the harm incurred. Types of torts are; tort of negligence, intentional tort, and strict liability. The injured party has to prove that the defendant owes him the legal duty of care, that the defendant was in breach of the legal duty of care and that the act of breach led to the suffering incurred by the defendant. Whether they are met or not is a question to be decided by the judge. However, they are easy to meet by the complainant should he be aware of the same elements. Question 5 The gourd did not breach the duty of care he owes to the passenger since he didn't know that pushing the passenger in could lead to dropping off the parcel plus, the gourd never knew the content of the bag. In other words, it was not intended. The court was making a public policy statement. The decision was correct. More has been developed on the proximate cause.The three intentional torts are; assault and battery, conversion, trespassing, and defamation. The elements of assault and battery, for example, includes; intent-acting with a purpose or knowledge that the results of the act will cause injury to the person. Acting-this requires the person to perform an act that is harmful or injurious to another, and actual cause, in this case, the victim will have to prove that without the action of the defendant he/she would not have suffered the said injuries. An example of the intentional case was the case of Houdek v.Thyssenkrupp Materials.

About Clyfford Still's art work and his museum in Denver Essay

About Clyfford Still's art work and his museum in Denver - Essay Example He is, therefore seen to have created an art work world of his own, due to the fact that most his work remained hidden during and after his death in the year 1980. Clyfford Still’s art work was mainly color field painting. Most of the works that he made accessible are regarded non-figurative, and consequently non-objective. Creation and painting of formations dominated his expertise, the primary concern being to juxtapose numerous colors and surfaces to produce the formations (Demetrion 75). His independence and disregard for criticism and analysis of his work left just a few aspects of comparison between his work and those of his fellow abstract expressionism pioneers. Basically, the arrangements of his paintings were considerably less regular, unlike those of other abstract expressionists. Thick impasto critically defines the use of paints by Clyfford Still in his art work. Layers of colors in his works were done in a way that seemed to reveal colors underneath by other layers on the painting. Subtle varieties and shimmering shades characterized Clyfford Still’s painting surfaces, with natural forms and phenomena being predominant in his work (Demetrion 94). This was unique to him as an artist, because many other painters of his times concentrated on a totally different aspect. Clyfford Still imposed collection and exhibition restrictions on his paintings, making his art work hardly accessible to many people, although his 1957-D No. 1, 1957 painting remains a renowned piece of his art (Demetrion 113). Around 2400 pieces of his art work remained hidden and inaccessible until the Clyfford Still’s museum was opened in Denver. With the museum opening over twenty five years after his death, Clyfford Still’s substantial art output remained unseen for the same period. Denver, Colorado became the choice of Still’s wife as the city that would showcase Clyfford Still’s long hidden art work. The museum

Best Buy Retailing Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Best Buy Retailing Analysis - Term Paper Example Based on this idea, Best Buy was able to come up with a customer centricity program that aims to develop more emphasis on excellent customer service. The customer centricity program has to function in a way that stores, buyers and segment organizations have to work out together for the success of the implementation process of the said program. Best Buy is a profit organization and in as much as possible it has to operate with substantial profit in the end. This is the reason why Best Buy had to find for more profitable customers and product segments. Best Buy focused on these areas that is why it was able to come up with five major profitable customer segments. Understanding customers’ needs was the first step that Best Buy performed under its customer centricity program. The next step performed was to identify profitable segments both for customers and products. This is a matter of finding focus and eventually Best Buy is good at this that resulted to finding the right vision that has to be imparted to the team. This is the reason why Best Buy was able to come up with strategic support for team so as to fully execute the vision. Customer associates for instance had to be empowered in order to effectively satisfy the customers in line with the customer centricity program. They have to necessarily apply scientific approach in dealing with and attending to the needs of customers. In this case, the value proposition was clearly defined and fully executed through store managers and all of the sales associates with clear picture of the vision. This is what exactly Best Buy had undertaken and eventually the idea of Brad Anderson to go for customer centricity was indeed imperative for its success. However, the success was not achieved right away; Best Buy had to go for market trials in order to put the entire idea of customer centricity to the test. Eventually, the company was able to come up with a marketing oriented approach in dealing with the issue of impro ving customer service and satisfaction. Customer centricity’s lackluster performance The customer centricity program is a matter of aggressive implementation. The model by itself sounds good for both the customers and Best Buy. However, there is going to be a problem when it comes to implementation or execution especially that the said program requires the stores, buyers and segment organizations to work in unison accordingly and harmoniously. There was a needed adjustment particularly among segment leaders due to aggressive rollout of 144 new centricity stores. Best Buy has to maintain its competitive advantage and the existence of new centricity stores threatened this potential market power. Thus, Best Buy had to initiate necessary adjustments. Within these adjustments, Best Buy needs to necessarily align the potential contributions of stores, customers and segment organizations for effective system transformation. The Best Buy’s missed out third quarter earnings per share on December 13, 2005 was due to the impact of necessary adjustments it needed to implement in order to perform better than its competitors that were applying the same customer centricity program (Lal, Knoop and Tarsis 154). Thus, the problem is not exactly about the centricity model or even the lag between implementation and results because customer centric

Unethical Business Practices of McDonald's Essay

Unethical Business Practices of McDonald's - Essay Example The empirical study of Gibison (2006), the fast-food items offered by McDonald’s to its global consumers have major contribution towards extensive form of health issues irrespective of their age groups. In this regard, major obesity, heart diseases along with asthma and higher possibility of mad-cow diseases are the major cases that are evident to be caused directly and indirectly from the food items offered by the company to its consumers (Gibison, 2006). Correspondingly, Stony Brook University (1998) has critically explored the diet contents in each McDonald’s products includes major health issues for the consumers especially the young adults. In this regard, the research report states that the meals offered by the restaurant chains of McDonald’s contribute major amount of fat and the level of sodium that can negatively affect the consumers’ health (Gagnon & Freudenberg, 2012). For instance, the report has illustrated the example of its new Spanish omele tte bagel, which deliberately contains 40 grams of fat along with 710 calories and 275mg of cholesterol that can severely deteriorate the health condition of consumers. In addition, the presence of 1,520 mg of sodium in the product can severely make the consumer face a critical health issue (Stony Brook University, 1998).  In addition, the article published by Jourdan & Baertlein (2014) in Thompson Reuters critically illustrates about the scandals in the company’s food safety process. According to the issues identified in the article, the local meat suppliers of the company.

Fossil fuels Essay Example for Free

Fossil fuels Essay Fossil fuels belong to non-renewable sources of energy that are accountable for giving the energy required around the world for many families and industrial facilities like electrical generators and others. Deposits of these kinds are generally found deep within the earth surface which is often needed to be mined. Fossil fuels are also rich in carbon remains of prehistoric civilization and other creature that have lasted in severe heat and pressure deep within the earth over millions of years. Researchers said that there are three types of fossil fuels which can be utilized for energy consumption such as natural gas, oil and coal. Natural gas is a gas that consisted primarily of methane (CH4) substance. It is in the form of gaseous fossil fuels that are very flexible, plentiful and comparatively clean compared to oil and coal. It is also created and formed from the remains of marine microorganisms such as plankton and other type of small water creatures like algae. However, compared to the other types of fossil fuel, it is relatively a new kind of energy supply. In 1999 more coals are used than natural gas since people were scared that like oil, the supplies of natural gas will run out. For example, developed countries like United States, Japan and others have overtaken the consumption of coal than natural gas (Miller 1999). Moreover, some researchers forecasted that the supply of natural gas will run out by the end of 21st century. Since it is primarily consists of methane, the gas is highly compacted in a small volumes at huge depths of the earth. In terms of getting this kind of fossil fuel, it needs to be conveyed to the surface by drilling. Moreover, in terms of supply, it reserves are can be seen around the globe since it were evenly distributed unlike oil. On the other hand, oil is a liquid type of fossil fuel that is created and formed from the remains of marine organisms just like natural gas. The process is so complex that after millions of generations, the deposits will end up in a sediment and rock where oil is ensnared in small holes. Just like the natural gas, it needs to be conveyed by drilling in able to get the residue (commonly called as crude oil). Today, this kind of fossil fuel is widely used type of non-renewable sources of energy (Miller 1999). Crude oil contains various types of organic components which are brought to refining establishment to further transform the product in a more refined residue. Many types of industries including cars, jets, electricity, roads and many others utilize this kind of fossil fuel. However, oil is a kind of non-renewable sources of energy which cannot be found everywhere on earth. Thus, various events like wars resulted in shortage of search of kind of fossil fuel just like what happened in the Gulf War in 1991. Lastly, coal is a solid kind of fossil fuel that was created and formed over millions of generations by decomposes remains of land vegetation. This is formed when layers are compressed and heated over time. The results are natural deposits that are eventually turned into coal. In comparison with the two types of fossil fuel, coal is more abundant in supplies. However, some researchers forecasted that the use of coal around the world will heighten as oil supplies become inadequate. They predicted that current supplies of the coal in the world will last for at least 200 years or more. In the recent study conducted by various researchers, they found out that the use of coal was doubled in the middle of 20th century. However, at the start of 1996, there is a decline in the use of coal (McKinney and Schoch 2003). Many developing countries were the primary consumer of this kind of non-renewable sources of energy since they cannot afford the high price of natural gas and oil. Traditionally, these three kinds of fossil fuels were in abundant supply that was simple to have and transport. But now, signals are showing that these supplies are beginning to be depleted. It is a fact that it needs millions of years before these fuels will be replenished. Then one may ask, â€Å"Why are we still using fossil fuel in huge amount? † Thus, the answer is very simple and easy to explain. Fossil fuels are cheaper than any kind of reasonable alternative energy that human known. Compare to renewable energy like wave, wind and solar energy, they need large amount of money in able to obtain them. However, many scientists have already forecasted that fossil fuel will increase in price because of scarcity. Therefore this may lead to an eventual transfer from non-renewable to renewable sources of energy in the coming years. BIBLIOGRAPHY McKinney, M. L. and Schoch, R. M. (2003), Environmental Science, Systems and Solutions. 3rd ed. University of Tennessee, Knoxville USA. Miller, G. T. (1999). Living in the Environment: Principles, connections and solutions. 4th ed. Cole Publishing Company, Pacific Grove, USA.

What are the trends and problems of Indias Balance Of Payments

What are the trends and problems of Indias Balance Of Payments Balance of Payments (BOP) of a country shows its economic strengths and weaknesses. Most of the developing countries are deficit in their Balance of Accounts, India being no exception. Since independence, India has been facing this deficit or disequilibrium in terms of BOP, largely observed as a disaster in 1990-91, the year of the severe BOP crisis. At that time, India had foreign exchange reserve of meager 1 billion dollar, hardly sufficient to finance a months import bill. The nation was on the edge of defaulting. This crisis resulted in large scale amendments in the countrys economic policy, particularly known as the Structural Adjustment Program or New Economic Policy (NEP) regime, center of attention being liberalization and globalization of the economy. We opted for a very vigilant approach and at present after having surmounted the initial glitches of a newly liberalized economy, we have a somewhat comfortable BOP condition. Even though we have arrived at a comfortable BOP position showing signs of a strong rising economy, BOP management still remains a tough walk for policy makers for taking any discussion, as now we are uncovered to each and every change in the global economic set-up. Trends problems of Indias BOP 1949-50 to 1999-2000 The disequilibrium in Indias BOP has been accounted to both internal as well as external factors. The requirement for development of such a big nation with a large population is one of the main factors resulting in recurring BOP problem. The BOP is always under some pressure and had large deficits due to high level of imports of food grains and capital goods, the profound external borrowings, their payment and poor exports. After independence, the primary challenge in front of the country was to attain economic growth with social justice. Indias aim after accomplishing independence was to achieve economic self- reliance. For this the country had to strike both the internal as well as the external resources. Not only our technology but our food availability was also on the backward stage. Hefty amounts of food grains had to be imported to supply the demand of such a large population. Protectionist Policies The main intention of the Second Five Year Plan (1956-57 to 1960-61) was to achieve self reliance through industrialization. Self reliance was to be realized through import substitution. For this, essential industries had to be established which required import of capital goods. Exports were anticipated to take-off by own with advent of industrialization. It was felt that with advent of industrialization, there will be an increase in production at home that will be reflected in greater export earnings. The approach for import substitution was based on physical- interventionist, non-price policies like quotas, licensing and other physical ceilings on imports. Heavy capital goods were imported however other imports were relentlessly restricted to shut off competition for promoting domestic industries. Mainly focus was on import substitution, with gross disregard of exports. These inward looking protectionist policies did resulted in some self-reliance in the consumer goods industries, but most of the capital goods industries remained majorly import intensive. The elevated degree of protection to Indian industries resulted in to inefficiency and poor quality products basically due to lack of competition. The high cost of production further wrinkled our competitive strength. Rise in petroleum products demand, harvest failure, two oil shocks, all put acute strain on the economy. The BOP condition remained weak for the period of 1980s, till it arrived at the crisis situation in 1990-91; When India was on the brink of defaulting mainly due to intense debt burden and continually widening trade deficit. External Debt India had been an exercising choice to large scale foreign borrowings for its developmental activities in the field of fundamental social and industrial infrastructure. The countrys reserves were very much restricted due to low level of per capita income and savings. The situation aggravated because Government of India resorted to large amounts of foreign borrowings to rectify the BOP situation in the short run out of frightening condition. With Seventh Five Year Plan, the debt service obligations increased sharply due to stiffer average provisions of external debt, including repayments to the IMF, commercial borrowing, and a drop in concessional aid flow. Export Promotion Even though by the Sixth Five Year Plan we had overcome the need of food grain imports and some crude oil was also produced domestically, BOP position was still not at ease attributed to low exports. The essential need for promoting export was realized during the 1960s. The Third Five Year Plan commenced certain promotion policies pertaining to export like tax exemptions, duty drawbacks, cash compensatory schemes, Rupee devaluation etc. However it didnt showed significant improvements in exports. Indian exports depended largely on situation of world trade. We were chiefly primary product exporters, for which fluctuations in prices are very high in entire world market demand. Primary products exporting countries generally have unfavorable term of trade. The incomes from primary product exports were unstable and low. Secondly, the Indian products were not up to the mark in terms of quality and standard to sustain in world market. Third, mainly residue products were exported. The fact that export earnings contribute significantly to economic development was disregarded. Cumbersome procedures, rules and regulations for license etc served as disincentives for exporters. Domestic inflation further diminished the competitiveness of Indias export. Exchange Rate The fluctuation in the exchange value of the rupee was another posing problem. The steady devaluations (to promote exports) enhanced the amount of external debt. The value of rupee was administered by the central bank (fixed exchange rate). The considerable gap between official and market exchange rate generated difficulties for the exporters and importers. The stringent foreign exchange controls also persuaded Hawala trade. Trends in Indias BOP (2000-2010) The benefits of foreign trade were overlooked year after year. Indian entrepreneurs were withdrawing with low-priced, outdated technology and demolishing subsidies, generating a heavy national burden of large ailing public sector undertakings. Despite acting through an incentive based approach, government protection in fact damaged our industrial growth. The New Economic Policy of the nineties targeted for opening up of the economy, to permit free trade and competition and condense the role of government considerably in foreign trade issues. Restrictions on international trade were detached, foreign investments were allowed and a completely new Liberalized Exchange Management System was brought in to garner the benefits of competition and offset the drawbacks of a closed, inward looking trade policy. The alterations towards liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy were conceded out very vigilantly in phases. Foreign Investment India effectively attracted Foreign investors to the country with its earnest positive economic transforms like reduced cumbersome formalities and other paperwork. From a scanty US$103 million   net foreign investment in the year 1990-91, it has grown to us$ 8669 million   in 2008-09. Foreign investments kept the country buoyant during the recent global meltdown period. Because the consequences of recession were worst in the developed countries, the investors turned to the less affected rising economies like China and India. While initially foreign investment in the country did slow down significantly due to risk repugnance in the phase of the recession, but it picked up over again because rising economies like India and China were quick to execute corrective procedures to fight recession, showing creditable elasticity to the recession which badly affected the much developed economies. There was massive turn down in net capital flows from US $ 106.6 billion in 2007-2008 (8% of GDP) to US $ 7.2 billion (0.6 % of GDP) IN 2008-09. The turn down was mainly due to net outflows under portfolio investment. Despite this, the FDI inflow remained floating at US $ 21.0 billion during Apr Sept. 2009 as against US $ 20.7 billion in Apr.-Sept. 2008. FDI inflow has been primarily in communication services, manufacturing, and real estate sector. Current Account of BOP The current account of BOP consists of the merchandise trade (export and import) and the invisibles (services, transfers etc.). The liberalized policy and reasonably hassle free formalities for export and imports have provided a push to our export industries as well as industries catering to domestic demands. Exports and imports both witnessed double digit growth rate. India is now a principally manufactured goods and services exporter deriving benefits from a better term of trade, as compared to what it was earlier, primary goods exporter, prior to 1991. The contribution of Indias exports in world trade has increased from 0.7 % in 2000 to 1.2 % in 2008. Services too have extended to various fields catering to both domestic and international consumers. The current account balance broadened in 2008-09 (-2.4 % of GDP) compared to that of 2007-08 (-1.3% of GDP) attributed to recession, but it was sustainable. The external demand shock resulted in to the decline of export growth from 57 % in April-June08 to (-) 8.4 % in Oct- Dec08 and further to (-) 20 % in January-March09, a decline for the first time since 2001-02. Imports too turn downed similarly due to domestic industrial demand and sharp fall in international crude oil and some other primary commodity prices. Indias net invisibles rose by 18.7% in 2008-09. With the economy (domestic as well as global) getting its pace of momentum once again, there is hope of glare once again in the trade and financial world. India having cruised reasonably successful through the uneven scrap of recession can look further to garnering greater profit from world market, at least till the time the developed economies which were poorly affected by recession, revitalize fully. In short, the situation of BOP is quite well administered and contented. However, lessons from the occurrences of the financial crises taking place in various parts of the world from time to time, we are required to continue our vigilant approach towards BOP management. The country cannot meet the expense of a setback to its economic growth attained through large scale changes in national economic policies. India indeed has arrived a long way from the time of the days of the protectionist policies, but there is a lot to be accomplished yet, particularly in the sector of infrastructure, in order to become a strong economy.

Benefits of Music Therapy for Autism Disorder

Benefits of Music Therapy for Autism Disorder Using relevant theories and examples, analyse how music therapy can help to treat autism disorder Outline Introduction: Music therapy is rooted in the work of psychoanalysts (Freud, Jung, and Watzalwick), music teachers (Willems, Dalcroze) allied with in-depth music studies (Schaeffer, Sachs). Definition Although there are different conceptual models in music therapy, it is possible to distinguish the music practices intended only for sick patients from music practices used as a tool for personal development and are therefore accessible to all. Music therapy is a â€Å"non-verbal psychotherapy that uses corporo sonoro nonverbal expressions to develop a relationship between the therapist and those who need support to improve the quality of their lives and reintegrate into society. It also aims to produce social, cultural and educational changes in the ecosystem and to act on the primary prevention of community health. â€Å"(The Benenzon model). Music therapy comes against psychoanalytic theory which conceives language as essential to the revelation of the unconscious. It is based in fact on the development of the relationship and the therapeutic process through non-verbal communication called analogue communication by Watzalwick. Music therapy is conceived as psychotherapy, that is to say a relationship between two individuals, one of whom, by his knowledge and experience, will try to transform the other by influencing him. -The development of music therapy (historical perspectives) Most traditions all over the world in a way or another say: In the beginning was the Word. If science speaks of a big bang theory to describe the birth of the universe, it is not pure coincidence. In the Egyptian history, the god Thoth had created the world with a loud cry. In the Old Testament, it is the sound of trumpets that destroyed Jericho. From the earliest times, the sound is described as a creative or destructive element. Some of Plato and Pythagoras ideas had created a real focus on a system based on philosophical harmony. In their concept, music was part of integrated mathematics. In the Greek civilization, music therapists already existed and they were suggesting various instruments to influence the mood of people. According to the evil, they chose the aulos (old musical instrument) in an ecstatic and moving game or the sweet and harmonious lyre. Patrick Alderman (1981) Music and Medicine Stock Music. In Chinese philosophy, Confucius stated: Enjoy music, it is the formation of inner harmony.† This practice is still used by the Tibetan lamas. In Africa, traditional music, very rhythmic and loud, is used for ceremonies but also to generate altered states of mind. And since World War 1, science is having a new look at the effects of music. This research is shown mainly in the works of Anglo -Saxon authors such as Schoen and Gatewood (1927), Hevner (1936) , Carpuco (1952) and Cattell ( 1953). In parallel, several French authors focused on the meaning of music and some of them attempted to develop a theory. These include Frances, Imberty, Jost, Pratt, Simon and Werbick. Music therapy and mental illness (music as a special way of communication can help to explore the inner world of people with mental disorder?) In hospitals and retirement homes, we approach more and more people losing their autonomy with methods of music therapy. Musical instruments have a power of attraction on real people and are used more frequently to encourage older people to break their isolation by participating in musical activities in a group. People suffering from severe psychological problems respond very well to music too. Often aggressive behaviours are absorbed through music. Children with intellectual disabilities have shown to develop, it seems that music arouses in them an unexpected receptivity and currently science is exploring all avenues to develop its curative powers. -Music therapy and autism Music therapy is a relatively new method of treatment for autistic patients, but often forgotten when different options are discussed. Music therapy Patients often show improvements in temperament and learning. Music connects to the non- verbal part of our brain, making it an ideal treatment for disorders in which the patient has difficulty communicating, such as autism. Music therapy is effective because it can be used in conjunction with social skills training. Many games can be made using music to help improve the social and behavioural skills. By encouraging eye contact while singing or using instruments, music therapy can help autistic children to break down social barriers with people. Music therapy can help children and older autistic patients to develop speech skills. Music is a way to connect verbal and nonverbal functions in the brain. Autism may have various forms of speech disorders. Some can only hum, grunt, or make other noises, while others are carried to repeat absurd sentences, babbling and screaming. Others again come to develop sentences to communicate with the world, although they generally lack emotion. People with autism are known to speak in a monotone. However, no matter how the individual behaves with speech, he or she can participate in a music therapy, tapping rhythms or humming. Autism patients are generally considered particularly suitable for music therapy. Some, for example, have a very high pitch. Others may play very well a particular instrument, with little instruction. Even if your child shows no capacity to be a musical genius, you will often find that the autistic person has musical abilities beyond his other abilities. A music therapist can use music as a way to link this type of learning with other types of learning, not only for the development of language and social behavioural development as previously discussed, but also as a means to communicate their emotions and develop memory. Using these techniques in conjunction with other therapies, music therapy can do wonders with autism. Skilled professionals can use music to teach children and others how to communicate non-verbally, which makes learning easier for patients. Therapeutical approaches to autism: Music Therapy Studies have reported positive effects of music therapy with children and adolescents in the treatment of autism. The reported benefits include increased vocalizations, verbalizations, and gestures, understanding vocabulary, and attention-related task, acts of communication, symbolic play skills and personal care, as well as decreased echolalia (automatic repetition of phrases as we understand them). Researchers also observed improved body awareness and coordination, and decreased anxiety. However, results have been inconclusive in respect of the effect on the behaviour problems. It also remains important to clearly define the long-term benefits. To plan an intervention, music therapists choose their activities from a myriad of approaches and possible musical experiences (improvisation, listening to music, instrumental performance, cognitive learning through music, etc. . .) according to the autism patient. With respect to the material used, the therapist can compose music or songs himself, or draw on the repertoire of music for children; it is rich in simple ditties, has regular repeats that facilitate teaching exercises. As for musical instruments available to the participants, it can be, in addition to those used by the therapist, synthesizer, various percussion, wooden xylophone, flutes, a â€Å"rain stick â€Å"etc. . . Once the person is comfortable, the therapist can include various instruments in the exploration of the environment made by the child. Gradually, once there is a non-verbal communication through instruments, the speaker can begin to encourage a form of verbal communication directly related to the music, if the case is suitable. Favourite music can be used for a wide range of cooperation activities in order to work on social behaviour. In a group, to get a ball from one child to another, the sound of music or playing the drum set would be, for example, the means used to generate interaction. We can also practice problem solving using a dotted history of sound effects and music, etc. . . . Gradually, new measures are introduced (walking, sitting, sleeping, etc. . .) And the speaker gradually decreases its own participation. Once the music is completely eliminated, the child has been able to construct sentences in response to questions What is it? and what is the doll doing ? this learning was probably facilitated by the presence of music and the view of another associated object . Note also that, even if the words of some songs do not always appear important for everyday use, the simple fact of the match is an important step in teaching some children. According to Myra J. Staum (1997), following an interve ntion, if a student forgets the words or sentences acquired, it is conceivable to remind him by making him hear the song again. The discovery of his own body and the space around it is another aspect in which music therapy can be useful in the autistic individual. Some therapists use e.g. marches and bring the children to walk to the beat of the latter; music and a different rate is then used to ensure that subjects develop a repeating pattern when walking . Many autistic children are also invited to dance: by doing so, they are encouraged to trust the speaker, to develop a better eye contact and a greater awareness of physical contact. Similarly, dancing to different styles of music, the individual can learn to become familiar with change and synchronization, etc. . . . As a sum-up, we can see there are dozens of ways in which music can be used for therapeutic purposes for children with autism. Many aspects, from the birth of a collaboration till extended periods of attention through language acquisition or socially acceptable behaviour, are likely to be among the objectives achieved in a music therapy program ; To achieve this, you just need patience, time and a skilled speaker. improvising (group and individual) With music therapy in autism, It is not just about â€Å"playing a tune† to entertain the patient. It is a work on the sound, the waves and the vibration. It should have a large array of improvisation in all its forms, and include the greatest possible number of musical aesthetics. This includes Western and non-European modes , rhythms and varied tempos, classical sounds of the instrument and voice or sounds using harmonics, different noises , many major keys , minor , traditional , pentatonic modes , exatoniques , atonal music, a wide range of frequencies of the most serious to the most acute of the instrument etc. Active musical therapy consists of expressions with suitable music instruments. It can be self-expression or specific exercises that each has a function. We can thus work on the exchange and communication, frustration, recovery of personal image, memory and concentration improvement in cognitive abilities, body awareness, imagination and creativity, fine motor skills and body address, autonomy. dance and movement Reflection in and on the physical, emotional and subtle body is an essential element of dance therapy and movement. Through improvisation and creation, it determines new body experiences in a wider field of motion perception by more precise specificities. This practice promotes the direct expression, preverbal, nonverbal and verbal communication and the environment. It manages the senses problems and diseases based on experience, stimulating the capacity to act and personal creativity. The dance therapy and movement brings the person to a healthy dynamic. As explained Nicole Harbonnier-Topin, Professor of motion study and director of senior cycle programs of the Department of Dance at the University of Quebec at Montreal, dance therapy involves several systems of neurological function: the awakening and rest, emotional regulation, implicit and explicit memory, the mirror system and the integration of the right brain versus left brain. As the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are involved in the process of movement, resulting in regulation of emotions that can help counteract the anxiety and some types of depression. There is indeed a body consciousness that brings us into intimate relationship with ourselves. So when we dance, there is a release of tensions and pressures which are in our body’s memory. Autism: Individuals with autism, when they apply the instructions in dance therapy sessions, find the concentration needed and make the right moves, and with an assurance that they do not necessarily have daily life. (Please use relevant theories and example to explain why these musical interventions are effective treatment for autism disorder) Criticism of music therapy So far, music therapy proved to be beneficial. It did not show any harm or any recession of the patients. Dance therapy can approach our problems gently and carefully. It is a powerful for physical and mental wellness tool. Talent is secondary to take pleasure to dance. Dance therapy Figures are diverse and this therapy has been one of the methods used in taking care of sick people and has multiple indications: the ordinary neurosis with autism, through anxiety, depression, addictions, psychosomatic diseases, psychiatric disorders, light and deep, motor and mental disabilities. All dance genres are possible. Including: bio-dance gestures based on touch and feel, reviving the notion of tenderness primitive dance succession of repetitive movements promoting relaxation of the mind. shamanic dance inspired from rituals of primitive societies. Conclusion: Music is a versatile tool for intervention with autism Music therapy has been proven beneficial in several areas: in the past it has shown its positive influence on blood pressure, pain perception, respiratory problems, stress, etc. . In the specific case of autism and people with pervasive developmental disorders, music is certainly an interesting option for several reasons. First, the music is a form of nonverbal communication; it is an ideal way to get in contact with children experiencing difficulties in communicating, which is a very common feature in autism. Non-verbal and non-threatening nature of the medium is also an asset. On the other hand, the music acts as a natural reinforcer, which can help students develop skills that are not musical; almost everyone is likely to respond positively to at least one kind of music. It is a versatile tool that can reflect the individual skills of each individual. In another area, it has been noted repeatedly that autistic individuals often have a particular sensitivity to music. Some will react to certain sounds; others however have an â€Å"absolute† ear for music, a property that would make many musicians envious! In summary, several reasons make music an interesting therapeutic tool for autism. Music captivates and holds attention- it stimulates and uses several areas of the brain. Music structures time in a clear and understandable way (â€Å"this is the song of goodbye, the session is almost over!) It provides a pleasant and meaningful context for rehearsals necessary for some learning It creates a safe and structured social context for the verbal and nonverbal communication This is a very effective memory aid It supports and encourages movement It facilitates interaction and promotes self-expression It embeds itself in memory and emotions It often promotes a sense of community since it unites people of all skill levels, all able to participate in a way or another. Bunt, L. (1994) Music Therapy: An Art beyond Words. London: Routledge.

Catcher in the Rye Essay: The Judgmental Caulfield :: Catcher Rye Essays

The Judgmental Caulfield of The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, is a classic novel about a sixteen-year-old boy, Holden Caulfield, who speaks of a puzzling time in his life. Holden has only a few days until his expulsion from Pency Prep School. He starts out as the type of person who can't stand "phony" people. He believes that his school and everyone in it is phony, so he leaves early. He then spends three aimless days in New York City. During this time, Holden finds out more about himself and how he relates to the world around him. He believes that he is the catcher in the rye: " I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in a big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody's around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What have I to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff..." (173). He briefly enters what he believes is adulthood and becomes a "phony" himself. By the end of the story, Holden realizes he doe sn't like the type of person he has become, so he reverts into an idealist; a negative, judgmental person. Holden's idealism is first brought forth when he describes his life at Pency Prep. It is full of phonies, morons and bastards. His roommate, Stradlater, " was at least a pretty friendly guy, It was partly a phony kind of friendly..." (26) and his other roommate, Ackley is "a very nosy bastard" (33). Holden can't stand to be around either one of them for a very long time. Later, he gets into a fight with Stradlater over his date with Jane. Holden is upset because he thinks that Stradlater "gave her the time" and that he doesn't care about her; 'the reason he didn't care was because he was a goddam stupid moron. All morons hate it when you call them a moron' (44). Holden not only sees his roommates as phonies and bastards, but he also sees his headmaster at Pency Prep as a "phony slob" (3). This type of person is exactly what Holden doesn't want to be. He strives to be a mature adult; caring, compassionate, and sensitive. Even when Holden goes out or reads a story, it is just full of phoniness, ".

Nurture and Nature - Influence of Parents on Childrens Sexual Orientat

Influence of Parents on Children's Sexual Orientation      Ã‚  Ã‚   Do parents influence their children's sexuality?   The answer may surprise you: no they do not.   It has been found that about 90% of sons of gay fathers are heterosexual (Bailey 124).   It was also found that 90% of daughters of lesbian women are also heterosexual (Golombok 4).   According to a poll taken by Northwestern University almost 95% of people expect children of homosexual parents to be homosexual themselves (Bailey 125).   This popular belief has affected many child custody decisions because of the possibility of the parents molesting the children, or the possibility of the children becoming homosexual themselves.   Even if the children becoming homosexual is a possibility, why deny custody to a parent based on his or her sexuality?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The question has been raised on what can and what can't make a child homosexual.   Some believe that children learn by imitating their parents.   This theory cannot be totally rejected, but due to recent research it is believed to be more unlikely.   Others have said that children identify with an opposite-sex parent and copying their behavior, this coupled with a distant same-sex parent makes the argument even more believable.   It is also possible that homosexual parents reinforce certain types of behavior, either homo- or heterosexual (Bailey 125-126).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some say that hormones affect the sexuality of children, which may be inherited from the parents.   For example, an anatomical difference in the hypothalamus of homosexual men has recently been identified, but the reason for this difference is still unknown (Golombok 4).   Sex hormones are seen by some... ... Whether it be hormones or genes inherited from the parents, or the environment a child is brought up in, researchers still need to complete their studies on the issue to find out the truth behind the matter.    Bibliography    Bailey, J. Michael. Sexual Orientation of Adult Sons of Gay Fathers. Developmental Psychology.   1995, Vol. 31, No. 1, 124-129    Golombok, Susan. Do Parents Influence the Sexual Orientation of Their Children? Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Lesbian Families.   Developmental Psychology.   1996, Vol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   32, No. 1, 3-11    Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino F.L. Parental Influences on the Development of Homosexual Orientation.   Developmental Psychology. 1995, Vol. 31, No. 1, 12-21    Patterson, Charlotte.   Sexual Orientation and Human Development.   Developmental Psychology.   1995, Vol. 31, No. 1, 3-11   

Street Smarts versus Book Smarts Essay -- essays research papers

Everyone has an opinion concerning what type of education is most useful. We all know that a college education is important in the competitive world we live in today. For instance, if you want a career in engineering, medicine, chemistry or law, a bachelor's degree or higher is mandatory. We often see people who have made it really big, and yet have little or no formal education. My opinion is, in order to get and keep a good paying job, you need both â€Å"street smarts† and â€Å"book smarts.† The combination of practical knowledge and explicit knowledge is the key to a successful career. Both types of knowledge have distinct advantages. They have both used their experiences in life to achieve their goals. For example, if a street smart mart person had a severe cough they would ask friends, family about how they could make the cough better. Book smart person would check or search internet to find the cure. They are both determine to get what they want by using the skills they know. They will both work hard to get the job they want. They are both resourceful. They will use their r...

Cpr; Infants and Children

Tiffany Cole CPR Essay CPR is an emergency procedure used for someone that is thought to be in cardiac arrest. This procedure can be used to save someone’s life if it is performed the correct way. To perform CPR, one has to be properly trained. The process for children CPR differs from that of adults. Explained below are the CPR procedures for infants and small children. The process of CPR for infants starts by yelling and shouting at the baby.If there is no response you must open the air way and listen for breath sounds. First, you must blow into the infant’s mouth twice causing the chest to rise. Then just below the nipple, pump thirty times on the baby’s chest. Continue with two breaths and the chest pumps for two minutes and call 911. The CPR process for small children starts out the same as it did for infants. Shake and shout if the child. If there is no response tilt the child’s head back and listen for breath sounds.Then blow twice in the mouth so t he chest rises. Pump thirty times in the center of the chest. Continue with two breaths and thirty pumps for two minutes and call 911. CPR is easy to learn and can be very useful if you are ever in a situation where a child has stopped breathing. Daycare centers are required to have their staff adequately trained in CPR to ensure the safety of the children. To become certified in CPR one can take classes in the community. Read also: How Different Types of Transitions Can Affect Children

Explain Aristotle’s understanding of the Prime Mover Essay

Explain Aristotle’s understanding of the Prime Mover (25 marks) In Aristotle’s book the Metaphysics, he calls the cause of all movement the Prime Mover (P.M). The Prime Mover to Aristotle is the first of all substances, the necessary first sources of movement which itself is unmoved. It is a being which is eternal, and in Metaphysics Aristotle also calls this being ‘God’. However, before he came to know the existence of the P.M he first started noticing the constant changes around him, which led him to question the existence and the purpose of the world, universe and the things around us. He examined that everything that exists was in a permanent state of ‘movement’ or ‘motion’. By ‘motion’ Aristotle was linking it to the Greek word ‘motus’ which refers to change. He noticed that everything in the universe is in a state of change, for example, the weather and seasons are always changing. Even the human bod y is going through the process of change every single day. Everyday the body changes, we grow old and age, we lose hair and skin cells. This led Aristotle to observe four things: 1) The physical world was constantly in a state of motion and change. 2) The planets seemed to be moving eternally. 3) Change or motion is always caused by something. 4) Objects in the physical world were in a state of actuality and potentiality. Summing up from these four points Aristotle came to a conclusion that something must exist which causes the motion and change to occur without being moved itself and the ‘uncaused change’ must be eternal. Aristotle reached this conclusion by observing that if something can change, it exists in one ‘actual’ state and has the ‘potential’ to become another state, for example, an actual child is potentially an adult and a cow in a field is potentially a piece of roast beef. He realised that if things come to existence they must be caused to exist by something else and if something is capable of change that means it is potentially something else. He argued that behind every movement there must be a chain of events that brought about the movement that we see taking place, such as A to B to C and so on. However, he stated that this chain of events must lead back to something which moves it but does not move itself. Therefore the ‘uncaused cause’ must be different and separate from the rest of the chain inorder to start the whole process. So according to Aristotle the eternal cause of motion is the  Prime Mover. The Prime Mover causes the movement of other things, not as an efficient cause, but as a final cause. In other words, it does not start off the movement by giving it some kind of push, but it is the telos of the movement. This is important for Aristotle, because he thought that an effective cause, giving a push, would affect the P.M by the act of pushing and this could not happen because he thought that it would change the P.M’s knowledge. Aristotle believed the Prime Mover is the final goal of movement that is why it causes things to move by attraction in much the same way that a saucer of milk attracts a cat. The milk attracts the cat but cannot be sai d to be changed in the process. This is why Aristotle believed that the P.M is the source of all motion. To Aristotle the P.M is God (for this essay I will be refering to God as ‘He’). Aristotle believed that God exists necessarily, which means that God does not depend on anything else for it’s existence and is not capable of change because He is pure actuality by nature and its nature is good. He never changes or has any potential to change and Aristotle’s book ‘Metaphysics’ he states that God is ‘a living being, eternal, most goods†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ therefore He never begins and never ends, and so is eternal. Aristotle argued that the P.M had to be immaterial meaning it could not be made of any kind of stuff because matter is potential to change. So since it is immaterial, it cannot perform any kind of physical, bodily action, therefore the activity of the P.M must be purely spiritual and intellectual. Aristotle also concluded that God only thinks about himself; so he do es not know about our physical world, he does not have a plan for us and he is not affected by us because if He was then it would mean that God changes, because his knowlege would change. He even defines God as ‘thought of thought’. Overall Aristotle’s understanding of the Prime Mover is that He is God, the cause of all motion and in his book the ‘Metaphysics’ he considers God as a leader and in the order of the universe. How far is Aristotle’s concept of the Prime Mover consistent with the biblical concept of God? (10) (AO2) Aristotle’s concept of the Prime Mover and the biblical (Judeo-Christian) concept of God is in many ways very similar. However, they are also very different and varied. Yet both Aristotle’s Prime Mover and the biblical God share the same foundations- they are both eternal and responsible for change in the world. Judeo-Christian God creates the universe from nothing (creatio ex nihilo)  and Aristotle argued that nothing existed before the Prime Mover started the chain of causes. Also the Judeo-Christian God is an intelligent designer who crafts a purposeful world (e.g. the purpose of the star s = light). Aristotle also believed that the universe was a purposeful (telelogical) place: individual objects have a ‘telos’ (e.g. chairs = sitting) and the ultimate Final Cause is the Prime Mover. Another similarity between the two is that the Judeo-Christian God is immaterial because creation is an ‘act of will’ and God creates through his word (‘Let there be light’) or spirit. Aristotle’s Prime Mover is also seen as immaterial. It is a spiritual energy and not made of the same physical materials as the material world. Lastly, the Judeo-Christian God is seen in Genesis 1 as a transcendent God. It is the cosmic creator who is removed from the universe. It is an impersonal being. Aristotl’s Prime Mover is also transcendent and immaterial. It ‘moves’ things not throught involvement with them but through ‘attracting’ them. However, they are in many ways different such as the Judeo-Christian view of God is that He is in volved with His creation and is personal. For example, the biblical God answers prayers. Whereas the Prime Mover is the opposite because it is a necessary being but one who does not in any way interact and act in the world. It is a impersonal being. Also the Judeo-Christian God is not completely immaterial. In Genesis 3, God ‘walks’ in the Garden of Eden and in the New Testament, God becomes man in the human form of Jesus. This belief is known as the incarnation (‘God becomes flesh’). Jesus walks on the earth and experiences pain, temptation and eventually dies. This is very different to the idea of Aristotle’s Prime Mover who is a ‘spiritual’ and ‘immaterial’ being. So overall I think that Aristotle’s Prime Mover and the biblical God are the same because they share the same characteristics and the reason why is because the Prime Mover idea influenced medieval thinking about the nature of God.

Strategic Plan Part 2: Swot Analysis

The purpose of this synopsis is to analyze the forces and trends that Green Mountain Coffee Rosters faces relevant to its competitive position. The synopsis will explore external forces such as economic, social, legal and regulatory. The paper will also weigh internal forces such as resources, goals, and intellectual property, as it relates to Green Mountain Coffee Rosters. I will describe how the company adapts to changes; identify the major issues and opportunities that this company faces with in this synopsis.External Forces and Trends Legal and Regulatory- These forces impact Green Mountain Coffee Rosters daily. In my opinion the one legal or regulatory force GMCR encounters is the Clayton Act. This stands out to me because of all the brands that are under the GMCR banner (Lister, 2012). The Clayton act prohibits board of directors being in position to make decisions for competing companies working under the same corporate banner. The coffee retail market is governed by U. S. nti trust laws as any other industry. The Federal Trade Commission Act bars dishonest methods of competition, such as misleading information or deceptive business practices (Lister, 2012). The act is aim is to keep each coffee retailer, regardless of whether it sells coffee, honest with the information it provides to consumers about its products, and The Food and Drug Administration monitors all coffee products sold in the U. S. and inspects them to ensure no potentially harmful ingredients are present.Economic- Economic factors concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates, Pearce & Robinson (2009). A potential economic trend is the Hispanics demographic. The ethnic group drinks coffee more than other racial and ethnic groups. They begin drinking coffee earlier than other groups and in their older years are more likely to be exclusive coffee drinkers; and 74 percent of Hispanic-Americans drink coffee daily, twelve percentage points ahead of other Americans.As they become acculturated they mimic the attitudes and behaviors of non-Hispanic coffee drinkers. Competitive Analysis- Since 1981 GMRC has built formidable organization from its humble beginnings as a small cafe in Waitsfield, Vermont. Its positioning strategy thus far has been brilliant, differentiating its brand from other brands in the market. Green Mountain Coffee Rosters used a method of delivering value, strategic relationships and customer segments to wrestle away market from Nestle and other hot beverage manufactures. Internal Forces and TrendsStrategy- It appears that GMCR is consistently strategizing. Even with the inevitable expiration of K-Cup pack patent in September 2012. The company is positioning competitively GMCR is attempting to increase its brand’s awareness by partnering with other coffee manufacturers, such as Folgers by supplying K-Cup packs for competitors, GMCR increase awareness of Keurig products with this strategy. Another tactic GMCR is using to combat the expiration of K-Cup pack patent is technology (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012).The organization recently machine introduced to the market a mid-high end brewer that provides many more options than regular Keurig machines. Consumer can control the strength of their drink, the temperature at which it is brewed, the amount brewed, and brew many other drinks including cafe beverages (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012). This is an opportunity for GMCR to tap into more affluent markets and promote its specialty coffee as a complement to the Keurig Vue. Culture – The culture at GMCR is mindful to the effectiveness of the business.The ideas promote a positive perception in the company from customers, employees, suppliers, and stakeholders. The GMCR focus on establishing cultural environment to ensure everyone effectively knows how to implement the mission, vision, and values set for the organization. Key areas are: GMCR purpose states â€Å"We create the ultimate coffee experience in every life we touch from tree to cup – transforming the way the world understands business† (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, 2012). Another notable cultural belief of GMCR is personal excellence quoted this way â€Å"For today and tomorrow.Our competitive strength comes from the continuous improvement of all that we do† (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012). We actively seek out and apply best practices†. Other principles to support its cultural environment are continuous learning, appreciating differences, shared ownership, and world benefit. Strategic Capabilities – Green Mountain Coffee Rosters imported coffee from 24 countries. This indicates that it has inbound logistics capabilities, such as material control systems, inventory control systems, raw material handling, and warehousing (Green MountainCoffee Roasters, 2012). Located in 7 states GMCR operates from three business units: the specialty coffee bus iness unit, which includes Green Mountain Coffee, Barista Prima, Tully’s Coffee, Timothy’s World Coffee, and Coffee People coffee brands; the Keurig Business Unit, where the Keurig single cup brewing system was created; and the Canadian Business Unit, which is responsible for all GMCR sales in Canada and includes the Van Houtte business and Timothy’s brand (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, 2012). This is also a demonstration of its strategic capabilities.Conclusion Before I analyzed the competitive position of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, I asked could this company do anything wrong? Now at the end of my analysis I ponder the same question. I’m not an expert yet at conducting SWOT analysis, but in my humble opinion one does not conduct a SWOT on a successful firm. I analyzed GMCR objectively and un-bias and still think the company has exceptional competitive positioning strategy The only weakness to me is expiration of K-Cup pack patent in September 201 2.Still the organization manages to use the one the counter measure that my professor taught GMCR does. They are practically giving K-Cup packs away, supplying them to any firms that want to use them. For now this prove they can produce the product cheap, showing the competition that it probably not a good strategy to develop a similar product to the K-Cup. ?ReferencesGreen Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. (2012). Corporate Overview. Retrieved from http://www. gmcr. com/about-GMCR. html Green Mountain Coffee Roasters. (2012).Corporate Social Responsibility Report Fiscal 2011. Retrieved from http://www.com/-/media/sustainability/PDF/CSRreport/GMCRCSRReport. 2011. ashxGreen Mountain Coffee Roasters. (2009). Corporate Overview. Retrieved from http://www. gmcr. com/about-GMCR. html Lister, J. (2012). Regulation of Coffee Retail Market in the USA.Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_6886008_regulation-coffee-retail-market-usa. html Pearce, J. A. , & Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic M anagement: Formulation, Implementation, and Control (11th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Paul’s Teachings Essay

1. Essay on the Epistle to the Galatians The New Testament Book Epistle to the Galatians is ascribed by the Catholic Church to St. Paul but now believed to be written by early Christian missionary Paul of Tarsus to the early Christian communities in Galatia, then a Roman province. It was an intensely personal letter wherein Paul primarily tackled the circumcision issue during those early days of Christianity. The issue of circumcising Gentile converts, considered to be culturally offensive to Romans, was then being hotly debated. In the Epistle, Paul cautions against the introduction of Jewish practices, such as circumcision, into the community of Christians. The circumcision debate written in Galatians was important for St. Paul because he wanted to point out to the Gentiles that the prescriptions that regulated the day-to-day lives of the Jews under the Law of Moses are meant to lead men to salvation through Christ. Some Galatian converts or Judaizers at that time insisted that observance of the Law, including circumcision, abstinence and certain ritual purifications, was prerequisite to being good or perfect Christians. During the Old Testament, circumcision served as a man’s public pledge to the complete observance of Mosaic Law. In Paul’s argument against circumcision, he mentions Old Testament figures such as Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Sarah and Hagar in order to explain and illustrate â€Å"what it means to follow God’s advice† ( 4:21, Galatians). Using the story of the birth of Isaac and Ishmael, Paul stresses that Christians should genuinely believe and follow all of God’s advise, not only religious traditions but more so, following the examples of Christ. In addressing the circumcision issue in the Epistle, Paul thereby explains that by itself, the Mosaic Law had no power to save because salvation needs individual faith and the grace of Jesus. 2. Essay on the Books of Timothy I, Timothy II and Titus The New Testament Books First Epistle to Timothy, Second Epistle to Timothy and Epistle to Titus are three Pastoral Epistles attributed to St. Paul but now believed to be from Paul of Tarsus. They are collectively termed as the Pastoral Epistles chiefly because the letters are addressed to pastors or heads of the early Church regarding proper handling of the ministry. Together, the Epistles instruct the Bishop Timothy and the Christian worker Titus on the general principles regarding community order and faith. Specifically, the greater part of the Timothy I is devoted to instructions on the proper ordering of Christian community life for it to function smoothly. It also admonishes Timothy on the duties of the bishops and deacons in terms of preaching, praying in public and care for the Church members. Timothy II, on the other stresses the faithful dispensing of the responsibilities by church leaders and provides encouragement to the Bishop. The Pastoral Epistles talk of the proper conduct of both men and women; proper behavior when inside the Church; respect for old and young people; treatment of elderly and rules for the enrollment of widows and other prescriptions for good and Christian behavior. They also talk of how to remain steadfast in faith by rejecting false teachings and safeguarding the truths in the Church. Such is a suggestion of the pressures against and the corresponding struggles to strengthen the faith within the community. The administrative activities, especially as found in Timothy I tell us that the early Church then was already, or at least beginning to be, structured and orderly and made up of united members. This is seen, for one, in the discussion on the selection of church leaders. These three Epistles definitely communicate to us the difficulties of the early Church. The part in Timothy II wherein Paul exhorted the Bishop to be patient in the face of persecution is best illustrates the serious problems they encountered. The recommendations in the Timothy I and Titus regarding the kind of character needed for the leaders of the Church suggest the earnest efforts to build and fortify what we know now to be a heavily challenged Church back then. In gist, Timothy I and II and Titus portray the picture of the Christian community during the incipient period of the Church. The Books show that times were hard but that the early Christians, herein guided by Paul, mustered their faith and effort for the ministry.

The Root Causes of the 2008-2009 Economic Crisis is the U.S Essay

The Root Causes of the 2008-2009 Economic Crisis is the U.S - Essay Example The effects of the crisis led to numerous evictions and foreclosures in the housing sector and prolonged periods of unemployment for many people. The crisis contributed to the failure of many businesses leading to a massive decline in consumer wealth, a loss which was estimated to be worth trillions of dollars (Simkovic, 255). Generally, there was a significant decline in economic activity all over the world as a result of the recession. This paper will look into how many governments strived to put appropriate measures in place to curb mitigate the crisis; particularly, the United States’ government, through the various policy makers and stakeholders, implemented effective measures to deal with the crisis.  The crisis resulted from a complex interplay of liquidity and valuation problems in the banking system of the United States in 2008. The bursting of the housing bubble in the United State’s mortgage sector in 2007 resulted in a crisis in the subprime mortgage marke t. Consequently, the values of all securities that were tied to real estate pricing in the United States plummeted significantly leading to the damage of the financial institutions, both in the United States and the world at large. The challenges that resulted from the insolvency in the banking industry led to a decline in the availability of credit. This led to decline in investor confidence that impacted negatively on the stock markets around the globe leading to large losses in the stock markets especially in 2009. Economies from all over the world slowed down significantly during this period as international trade declined and credit tightened (Lahart, 140). While there have been many suggested causes of the crisis by the experts, the senate of the United States issued a report on the same. It ruled out the possibility of the crisis being a natural disaster. Instead, it explained the crisis as having resulted from complex and high-risk financial products; conflicts of interest t hat had remained undisclosed; failure by credit rating agencies and regulators; and the market which was reported to rein in the Wall Street excesses (Lahart, 142). On the other hand, Ross explains that investors and credit rating agencies failed to do accurate pricing of the risk that was involved with the financial products related to the mortgage sector. They also claimed that the government failed to adjust the regulatory practices that would address the financial markets in the twenty first century appropriately. A repeal done in 1999 on the Glass-Steagall Act of 1993 removed the separation that had existed between depository banks and the investment banks in Wall Street. Both the regulatory solutions and the market-based solutions were considered in response to the crisis and were embedded in the various solution packages. According to Gross, many economic analysts agree that the economic crisis was triggered in 2007 in the subprime mortgage sector as a result of banks in the United States giving high-risk loans to economically unstable people most of whom had poor credit histories. Even then, the root causes of the economic crisis are complex. They include an unregulated or poorly regulated banking industry especially in matters of investment and lending, which led to proliferation of speculative people with unstable income into the mortgage market. The proliferation coupled with highly reduced interest rates for a long period of time created space for overextension of

Ted Bundy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ted Bundy - Case Study Example In his tender age, he understood that his biological mother was his sister. That is when they were staying in Philadelphia. With his mother whom he never knew as a mother but a sister, they later moved to Talcom, Washington with their relatives. Their last family name was later changed to Nelson. He was afterward adopted by Jonny Bundy. In high school and in college, he knew about himself as a bad boy and moved on to use this character as his stronghold. His bad characters were influenced by pictures that only reflected sex and violence. These pictures were mainly from the celebrities that were very well known to him. According to trusted sources, he had already committed several crimes before he finished high school. The crimes committed by then were like shoplifting and other petty crimes. It, therefore, underlines the foundation of his criminal activities. After he had graduated from the Woodrow Wilson high school, he proceeded to the University of Washington. During his stay at the university, he volunteered at Seattle’s Suicide hotline. He, therefore, learnt a lot and got a high experience on suicide and death. He later had a relationship with Stephen Brooks, who was strange and acted in an unfamiliar character. On learning about her, Ted was not well pleased. He was greatly affected when their relationship eventually ended. Ted Bundy lived a life that saw other people die in his hand. He was prevalent and gorgeous. His talk was very nice, and he could cheat people especially women and fall to his trap. He used to move in his car in popular women places and say a word to them. He could then ask them to escort him to his car. On the way, he could remove an iron tool and crash them in secret. Then he used to rape those women in cold blood. To get attracted to this women he used to pretend that his hand had an injury or he was a disabled man. These women could be